Middle-tier providers
- Neoclouds and debt-financed sovereign builds bought at peak memory prices, and borrowed to do it. The loans are serviced whatever the market pays.
- Their hosted capacity competes with customers who can buy newer, cheaper hardware outright.
- The hardware they planned to resell is outdated and power hungry, and few buyers want it.
- Hyperscalers can absorb the write-down from other revenue. The middle tier cannot.